Introduction Resources

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Berlatsky, Noah. “The Female Thor and the Female Comic-Book Reader.” The Atlantic. July 21, 2014. https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2014/07/just-how-many-women-read-comic-books/374736/

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Dydiw, Lauren. “Girls Need Superheroines Now More Than Ever.” The Huffington Post.  June 3, 2016. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/uchic/girls-needs-superheroines-_b_19239950.html

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Scott, Suzanne. “Fangirls in Refrigerators: The Politics of (In)visibility in Comic Book Culture.” Transformative Works and Cultures 13, (2013): 1-27. Accessed March 1, 2017.

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Simone, Gail (w), Colleen Doran (a), David Sharpe (p). "Big Things One Day Come." Wonder Woman: 75th Anniversary #1. December 2016, DC Comics. 

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Wonder Woman Resources

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Aizenman, Nurith. “Is Wonder Woman Suited to Be A U.N. Ambassador?” National Public Radio. October 20, 2016. http://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2016/10/20/498569053/is-wonder-woman-suited-to-be-a-u-n-ambassador

 

Averett, P. “The Search for Wonder Woman: An Autoethnography of Feminist Identity.” Affilia 24, no. 4 (August 13, 2009): 360–68. Accessed 2016. doi:10.1177/0886109909343569.

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Dockterman, Eliana. “Wonder Woman Breaks Through.” Time. December 19, 2016. http://time.com/4606107/wonder-woman-breaks-through/

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Emad, Mitra C. “Reading Wonder Woman’s Body: Mythologies of Gender and Nation.” The Journal of Popular Culture 39, no 6. (2006): 954-984. Accessed February 25, 2017.

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Hanley, Tim. Wonder Woman Unbound: The Curious History of the World’s Most Famous Heroine. New York, NY, United States: Chicago Review Press, 2014.

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Howell, Charlotte E. “’Tricky’ Connotations: Wonder Woman as DC’s Brand Disruptor.” Cinema Journal 55, no. 1 (Fall 2015): 141-149. Accessed February 26, 2017.

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Johns, Geoff (w), Joe Prado (a), "Prologue to Trinity War:  Secrets." Justice League 2011, #20 (May 2013), DC Comics.  

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Lepore, Jill. The Secret History of Wonder Woman. New York, NY, United States: Knopf Publishing Group, 2014.

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O'Neil, Shana. "Where is the Wonder Woman Advertising?" SyfyWire. April 25, 2017. http://www.syfy.com/syfywire/wonder-woman-movie-advertising

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O’Reilly, Julie D. “The Wonder Woman Precedent: Female (super)heroism on Trial.” The Journal of American Culture 28, no. 3 (September 2005): 273–83. Accessed 2016. doi:10.1111/j.1542-734x.2005.00211.x.

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Quilty, Jim. "'Wonder Woman' Lebanon Ban Is the Latest Chapter in a Long History of Censorship." IndieWire. June 3, 2017. http://www.indiewire.com/2017/06/wonder-woman-lebanon-ban-1201836452/

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Riedel, Sam. "Wonder Woman's Credits Reveal the Sexist Mistreatment of Women in Comics." BitchMedia. June 23, 2017. https://www.bitchmedia.org/article/wonder-woman-credits-entirely-male

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Robbins, Trina. “Wonder Woman: Lesbian or Dyke?: Paradise Island as Woman’s Community.” WisCon. May 2006. http://www.girl-wonder.org/papers/robbins.html

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Romano, Aja. “The Pacifist Past and War-Torn Future of Wonder Woman.” Kernal Magazine: The Daily Dot. August 9, 2015. http://kernelmag.dailydot.com/issue-sections/features-issue-sections/14592/history-of-wonder-woman/

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"Wonder Woman Continues to Smash Box Office Records." BBC News. June 25, 2017. http://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-40398892

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Batgirl Resources

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Hanley, Tim. Wonder Woman Unbound: The Curious History of the World’s Most Famous Heroine. New York, NY, United States: Chicago Review Press, 2014.

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Hatch, Aaron. “Women in Refrigerators: Killing Females in Comics.” The Artifice. October 15, 2015. http://the-artifice.com/women-in-refrigerators-killing-females-in-comics/

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Madrid, Mike. The Supergirls: Fashion, Feminism, Fantasy, and the History of Comic Book Heroines. United States: Exterminating Angel Press, 2009.

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Marz, Ron (w), Steve Carr (p). "Forced Entry" Green Lantern 54 (August 1994): DC Comics.

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Moore, Alan, and Brian Bolland. The Killing Joke. New York: DC Comics, 1988. Print.

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Scott, Suzanne. “Fangirls in Refrigerators: The Politics of (In)visibility in Comic Book Culture.” Transformative Works and Cultures 13, (2013): 1-27. Accessed March 1, 2017.

 

Harley Quinn Resources

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Austin, Shannon. “Batman’s Female Foes: The Gender War in Gotham City.” The Journal of Popular Culture 48, no. 2. (2015): 285-295. Accessed February 25, 2017.

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Conner, Amanda (w), Chad Hardin (a). "Twenty-Five Big Ones." Harley Quinn 25 (April 2016): DC Comics.​

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Dini, Paul. “Mad Love.” Batman: Made Love and Other Stories. New York: DC Comics, 2009. 8-72. Print.. 

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Gilbert, Paula Ruth. “Discourses of Female Violence and Societal Gender Stereotypes.” Violence Against Women 8, no. 11 (November 2002): 1271-1300. Accessed February 25, 2017. doi:10.1177/107780102237405.

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Goffman, Erving. Stigma Notes on Management: Notes on the Management of a Spoiled Identity. 1st ed. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster Adult Publishing Group, 1986.

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Goodwin, John and Izzat Tajjudin. “’What Do You Think I Am? Crazy?’: The Joker and Stigmatizing Representations of Mental Ill-Health.” The Journal of Popular Culture 49, no. 2 (2016): 385-402. Accessed February 25, 2017.

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Hayes, Sharon. “Romantic Terrorism? An Auto-Ethnographic Analysis of Gendered Psychological and Emotional Tactics in Domestic Violence.” Journal of Research in Gender Studies 6, no. 2 (2016): 38-61. Accessed March 18, 2017.

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Sieczkowski, Cavan. “DC Comics Holds Harley Quinn Drawing Contest With Suicide Scenarios.” The Huffington Post. September 12, 2013. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/09/12/dc-comics-harley-quinn-suicide-_n_3913842.html. Accessed March 18, 2017.

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Taylor, Tom (w), Bruno Redondo (p). "The Quiver" Injustice: Gods Among Us Year Two 13 (July 2014): DC Comics. 

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Jessica Jones Resources

​

Deggans, Eric. “’Jessica Jones’ Struggles in Life – But Triumphs on Screen.” National Public Radio. November 20, 2015. http://www.npr.com/2015/11/20/456812993/jessica-jones-struggles-in-life-but-triumphs-on-screen

 

Jessica Jones. Melissa Rosenburg (2015: New York, NY: Marvel Television), Netflix.

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Loofbourow, Lili. “Jessica Jones: Shattering Exploration of Rape, Addiction and Control.” The Guardian. November 27, 2015. https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2015/nov/27/jessica-jones-shattering-exploration-addiction-control

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Ooms, Julie. “Jessica Jones: The Hell of Losing Control.” Christ & Pop Culture. December 16, 2015. http://christandpopculture.com/jessica-jones-the-hell-of-losing-control/

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Thury, Eva M. “Marvel’s Jessica Jones as a Female Trickster: Reformulating the Contemporary Superhero.” http://www.inter-disciplinary.net/critical-issues/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/THURY-Eva-super2-dpaper.pdf

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Yang, Stephanie. “Marvel Show ‘Jessica Jones’ Names a Most Evil Villain: Abuse.” Bitch Media. December 1, 2015. https://bitchmedia.org/article/marvel-show-jessica-jones-names-most-evil-villain-abuse

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Action Figures Resources

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Diesendruck, Gil and Reut Perez. “Toys Are Me: Children’s Extension of Self to Objects.” Cognition (October 2014): 11-20. Accessed February 26, 2017.

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“IAmElemental Home Page.” IAmElemental. http://www.iamelemental.com (October 25, 2016).

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Lang, Nico. “Do Fans Really Want to Buy Female Action Figures?” The Daily Dot. May 20, 2016. http://www.dailydot.com/via/female-action-figures-toys-marvel/

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Rampy, Nolan. “Where is Rey? Why Gender Stereotypes Dominate Popular Culture.” Green Left Weekly. March 4, 2016. https://www.greenleft.rg.au/content/where-rey-why-gender-stereotypes-dominate-popular-culture

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Sacharow, Fredda. “Female Action Figures that Inspire Empowerment.” Rutgers Today. September 15, 2016. http://news.rutgers.edu/feature/female-action-figures-inspire-empowerment/20160914#.WBo_E_krLcc

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Varney, Wendy. “Of Men and Machines: Images of Masculinity in Boys’ Toys.” Feminist Studies 28, no. 1 (Spring 2002): 153-174. Accessed February 25, 2017.

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Wohlwend, Karen E. “Damsels in Discourse: Girls Consuming and Producing Identity Texts Through Disney Princess Play.” Reading Research Quarterly 44, no. 1 (January-March 2009): 57-83. Accessed February 25, 2017.

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Cultural Sustainability Resources​

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Bateman, John A. and Janina Wildfeuer. "A Multimodial Discourse Theory on Visual Narrative." Journal of Pragmatics 74 (2014): 180-208.

 

Benjamin, Barbara. "The Case Study: Storytelling in the Industrial Age and Beyond." On the Horizon 14, no. 4 (2006): 159-164.

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Brown, Jeffrey A. “Comic Book Fandom and Cultural Capital.” Journal of Popular Culture, 30, no. 4 (March 1997): 13-31. Accessed February 25, 2017. doi:10.1111/j.0022-3840.1997.3004.13.x.

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Cebik, L.B. "Understanding Narrative Theory." History and Theory 25, no. 4 (December 1986): 58-81. 

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Chute, Hillary. "Comics as Literature? Reading Graphic Narrative." PMLA 123, no. 2 (March 2008): 452-465. 

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--. "Ragtime, Kavalier & Clay, and the Framing of Comics." MFS Modern Fiction Studies 54, no. 2 (Summer 2008): 268-301.

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Flax, Jane. "Postmodernism and Gender Relations in Feminist Theory." Signs 12, no. 4 (Summer 1987): 621-643. 

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Flinders, Matthew and Matthew Wood. "From Folk Devils to Folk Heroes: Rethinking the Theory of Moral Panics." Deviant Behavior 36 (2015): 640-656. 

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Gardner, Jared and David Herman. "Graphic Narratives and Narrative Theory: Introduction." SubStance 40, no. 1 (2011): 3-13.

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Glassie, Henry. "Tradition." The Journal of American Folklore 108, no. 430 (Autumn 1995): 395-412. 

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Goodrum, Michael. "‘Oh c’mon, those stories can’t count in continuity!’ Squirrel Girl and the problem of female power." Studies in Comics 5, no. 1 (2014): 97-114.

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Harris, Neil. “Who Owns Our Myths? Heroism and Copyright in an Age of Mass Culture.” Social Research 52, no. 2 (Summer 1985): 241-267.

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Hollis, Susan Tower, ed., Linda Pershing, and M. Jane Young. Feminist Theory and the Study of Folklore. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1993. 

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Kirshenblatt-Gimblett, Barbara Kirshenblatt-Gimblett. "Objects of Ethnography." In Destination Culture: Tourism, Museums, and Heritage, 386-443. Los Angeles, CA: University of California Press, 1998.

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Lwin, Soe Marlar. "Capturing the Dynamics of Narrative Development in an Oral Storytelling Performance: A Multimodial Perspective." Language and Literature 19, no. 4 (2010): 357-377.  

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Mills, Margaret. "Feminist Theory and the Study of Folklore: A Twenty-Year Trajectory Toward Theory." Western Folklore, 52, no. 2/4 (April-October 1993): 173-192.

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Nicholson, Sarah. "The Problem of Woman as Hero in the Work of Joseph Campbell." Feminist Theology 19, no. 2 (2011): 182-193. 

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Nixon, Mark. "Narrating Women in Comics." Gender and Language 8, no. 2 (2014): 269-279. 

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Additional Resources

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Aucoin, Julianna. “The Superhero Diversity Problem.” Harvard Political Review. October 24, 2014. http://harvardpolitics.com/books-arts/superhero-diversity-problem/

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Berger, Arthur Asa. “Taking Comics Seriously.” The Wilson Quarterly 2, no. 3 (Summer 1978): 95-101. Accessed March 1, 2017.

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Botzakis, Stergios. “Adult Fans of Comic Books: What They Get Out of Reading.” Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy 53, no. 1 (Sept 2009): 50-59. Accessed February 26, 2017.

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Brown, Jeffrey A. Dangerous Curves: Action Heroines, Gender, Fetishism, and Popular Culture. Mississippi: University of Mississippi Press, 2011. E-book.

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Brownie, Barbara and Danny Graydon. The Superhero Costume: Identity and Disguise in Fact and Fiction. London, United Kingdom: Bloomsbury Academic, 2015.

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Campbell, A. Men, Women, and Aggression. New York: Basic Books, 1993.

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Clark-Flory, Tracy and Tal Reznik. “Kapow! Female Superheroes are Breaking Comics’ Glass Ceiling.” Vocativ. October 6, 2016. http://www.vocativ.com/210232/holy-comic-book-gender-bias-batman/

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Coyne, Sarah M., Jennifer Ruh Linder, Eric E. Rasmussen, David A. Nelson, and Kevin M. Collier. “It’s a Bird! It’s a Plane! It’s a Gender Stereotype!: Longitudinal Associations Between Superhero Viewing and Gender Stereotyped Play.” Sex Roles 70, no. 9-10 (May 2014): 416–30. Accessed 2016. doi:10.1007/s11199-014-0374-8.

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Dittmer, Jason. “Captain America’s Empire: Reflections on Identity, Popular Culture, and Post 9/11 Geopolitics.” Annals of the Association of American Geographers 95, no. 3 (September 2005): 626-643. Accessed February 26, 2017.

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Dyson, Anne Haas. “Cultural Constellations and Childhood Identities: On Greek Gods, Cartoon Heroes, and the Social Lives of Schoolchildren.” Harvard Educational Review 66, no. 3 (Fall 1996):471-495. Accessed February 25, 2017.

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Fingeroth, Danny. Superman on the Couch: What Superheroes Really Tell Us About Ourselves and Our Society. New York: Continuum International Publishing Group, 2004.

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Gabillet, Jean-Paul. Of Comics and Men: A Cultural History of American Comic Books. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2010.

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Gjersoe, Nathalia L., Emily L. Hall, and Bruce Hood. “Children Attribute Mental Lives to Toys When They are Emotionally Attached to Them.” Cognitive Development 34 (2015):28-38. Accessed February 25, 2017.

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Hoberek, Andrew. “’But – what can anyone do about it?’: Modernism, Superheroes, and the Unfinished Business of the Common Good.” Journal of Modern Literature 39, no. 2 (Winter 2016): 115-125. Accessed February 26, 2017.

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Kukkonen, Karin. “Navigating Infinite Earths: Readers, Mental Models, and the Multiverse of Superhero Comics.” Storyworlds: A Journal of Narrative Studies 2, (January 2010): 39-58. Accessed February 25, 2017.

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Morrison, Grant. Supergods: What Masked Vigilantes, Miraculous Mutants, and a Sun God from Smallville Can Teach Us about Being Human. New York: Spiegel & Grau, 2011.

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RAINN. https://rainn.org/get-information/statistics/sexual-assault-victims

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“Rise of the Female Superhero.” Katie Couric. (2015: Yahoo! Studios), Yahoo! https://www.yahoo.com/katiecouric/rise-of-the-female-superhero-ever-since-superman-126459307033.html

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Robbins, Trina. “Gender Differences in Comics.” Image and Narrative 4, (September 2002): 1-7. Accessed March 1, 2017. http://www.imageandnarrative.be/inarchive/gender/trinarobbins.htm

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Rosenberg, Robin S., ed. Our Superheroes, Ourselves. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013.

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Rubin, Lawrence. “Superheroes on the Couch: Exploring Our Limits.” The Journal of Popular Culture 45, no. 2 (2012): 410-431. Accessed February 25, 2017.

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Sneddon, Laura. “Women in Comics: The New 52 and the Batgirl of San Deigo.” Comicbookgrrrl. July 24, 2011. http://www.comicbookgrrrl.com/2011/07/24/women-in-comics-the-new-52-and-the-batgirl-of-san-deigo/

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Staff. “Marvel’s New Ratings System…Explained!” Comic Book Resources. July 5, 2001. http://www.cbr.com/marvels-new-ratings-system-explained/

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Stuller, Jennifer K. Ink-Stained Amazons and Cinematic Warriors: Superwomen in Modern Mythology. New York: B. Tauris & Co. Ltd, 2010. E-book.

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Svoboda, Elizabeth. What Makes a Hero? The Surprising Science of Selflessness. New York: Penguin Group (USA), 2013.

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Taylor, Aaron. “‘He’s gotta be strong, and he’s gotta be fast, and he’s gotta be larger than life’: Investigating the Engendered Superhero Body.” The Journal of Popular Culture 40, no. 2 (April 2007): 344–60. Accessed 2016. doi:10.1111/j.1540-5931.2007.00382.x.

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Wagner-Ott, Anna. “Analysis of Gender Identity Through Doll and Action Figure Politics in Art Education.” Studies in Art Education 43, no. 3 (Spring 2002): 246-263. Accessed February 25, 2017.

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Whitbrook, James. “DC’s New Action Figures Include a Triumvirate of Awesome Female Superheroes.” I09. October 18, 2016. http://io9.gizmodo.com/dcs-new-action-figures-include-a-triumvirate-of-awesome-1787924938

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Whitbrook, James. “Good News, Melissa Benoist’s Supergirl is Getting an Action Figure. Bad News…” i09. July 11, 2016. http://io9.gizmodo.com/good-news-melissa-benoists-supergirl-is-getting-an-act-1783477247

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White, Mark D. The Virtues of Captain America: Modern-Day Lessons on Character from a World War II Superhero. United States: John Wiley & Sons, 2014.